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Slavonski Brod
NATURE and PROTECTED LANDSCAPES
Fish ponds of Jelas
Najveća, mješovita kolonija zličarki i čaplji u Hrvatskoj, ornitološki
rezervat i raj za ljubitelje promatranja ptica.
Na lijevoj obali rijeke Save nizvodno od Zagreba formirano je nekoliko velikih polja -
depresija kao što su Črnec polje, Lonjsko polje, Mokro polje, Crnac polje i kao zadnje
Jelas polje. Sve su to depresije u kojima se je život tijekom milenija formirao pod
utjecajem vode. Polja su većim dijelom godine bila periodički plavljena što je ovisilo o
vodostaju rijeke Save. Većina ovih polja je isušena i pretvorena u ratarske površine što je
dovelo do bitnih promjena glede flore i faune. Jelas polje je smješteno između gore Dilj i
rijeke Save, s ukupnom površinom od 20.800 ha.. Ovaj veliki prirodni močvarni biotop je
isušivanjem uništen, a većina ptičijih vrsta vezanih za močvarna staništa je nestala.
Izgradnjom ribnjačarstva “Jelas” s ukupno 2.300 ha površine raspoređenih u 24 ribnjaka
različitih veličina i s više od 20 % površina obraslih rogozom i trskom (Typha latifolia i T.
angustipholia, Phragmites communis) omogućen je “povratak” velikog broja vrsta u svoj
“stari dom”.
Do sada je na ribnjačarstvu “Jelas” zabilježeno više od 230 ptičijih vrsta, od
kojih su 122 vrste gnjezdarice a sa širom okolicom preko 280 vrsta. Poseban značaj
ribnjačarstvo“Jelas” ima danas u Hrvatskoj utoliko što je tu locirana najveća mješovita
kolonija žličarki (Platalea leucorodia) i čaplji (Ardea sp.). Ovdije se gnjezdi 20 %
populacije gakova (Nycticorax nycticorax), 30 % malih bijelih čaplji (Egretta garzetta), 80
% žutih čaplji (Ardeola ralloides), 1 % čaplji danguba (Ardea purpurea) i 50 % žličarki
(Platalea leucorodia). Na ribnjacima Jelas redovito gnijezde rječni galebovi (Larus
ridibundus), obične čigre (Sterna hirundo), bjelobrade čigre (Chlidonias hybrida), veliki
broj gnjuraca (Podiceps sp.), liske (Fulica atra), različite vrste pataka (Anas sp.), trstenjaci (Acrocephalus sp.) i mnoge druge vrste ptica vezane za močvarni biotop. U okolnim
šumama je gnjezdarica orao štekavac (Haliaeetus albicilla), naš najveći orao, nekoliko pari
crnih roda (Ciconia nigea), a u obližnjim selim brojna su gnijezda roda (Ciconia ciconia).
Tijekom migracije ptica ribnjačarstvo je važna postaja za mnoge vrste selica jer pruža
obilje hrane i mira nužnog za odmor.
Kriterije za upis u Ramsarsku listu močvarnih područja ribnjačarstvo “Jelas” sa svojom
ortnitofaunom više nego udovoljava.
Gajna
Slavonian pasture-ground enriched by marshy flora and fauna and protected
habitat
East of Slavonski Brod, down by the Sava river lies 1500 ha of flooded area.
Marsh Dvorina near Donja Bebrina has got the status of ornithological natural
park (600 ha), and few kilometres downstream there is Gajna, marsh in the
vicinity of villages Oprisavci and Poljanci.
The initiative of Brod Ecological Association (BEA), the proposal of the republic
Institute for Protection of Nature, and the decree of the Assembly of the Municipality
of Slavonski Brod from September 1990 resulted in preservation of the natural
park Gajna and acquiring of the status of the preotected landscape.
This is typical Slavonian pasture landscape along Sava river enriched by marshy
flora nad fauna. The pasture gorunds near Oprisavci and Poljanci cover an area
of approximately 280 ha and are used for grazing of cattle.
Formation of Gajna
Prior to building of Sava dikes this part of Slavonia was regularly flooded by Sava,
but flood waters spread on large areas, so that there were no extremely high flood
water levels. Sava oscillates from the lowest to the highest water level for 9 m.
The building of Sava dikes was carried in three turns. The first works started in
1772 and were carried out by day labourers, frontiers and paesants. They used
tools such as hoes, spades, strechers, mallets and officers strictly supervised
that no woods built in the dikes. Each day a worker had to build in one fathom
(cord) of earth (6,821 cubic m) into the dike.
The second dike construction was carried out approximately in 1880. The last construction
works were carried out in 1953. Dikes were built as public work
campaign paid by the water utility company, and were carried out with small carts
on huge wheels the so called "kords" pulled by horse.
There are several alluvial depressions where flood waters stay also after water
withdrawal to Sava river. The project elaborated by BEA had the intention to
keep the flood waters for the greater part of the year and to regenerate the
aquatic life, the fauna of these marshes.
The lateral channel splitting Gajna into two parts technically enabled realistion
of the project. It collects waters coming from Dilj mountain near Slavonski Brod
and Djakovo and crossing the Bidj drain waters directly to Sava. This area is
mainly hillside landscape, covered with woods, so that there are no great sources
of pollution and the waters are relatively clean.
Flood gate on Latheral Channel and the system of irrigation channels ensure direct
drainage of waters into marsh Gajna. Here we have a unique project in Republic
of Croatia where man used the healthy effects of clean waters to water the cattle
and to ensure growth of plants an animal world.
The didactic pathway of Gajna
This path leads directly trough the protected habitat of the marsh area of Gajna.
It is provided with stopping places with guiding plates teaching the visitors
the general information on the propreties of the landscape.
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